Which statement best reflects a holistic approach to preventing deviance in sport?

• A. Set rules, enforce sanctions, fund education, monitor compliance, and build a culture of fair play.
• B. Focus solely on marketing and revenue.
• C. Rely only on players to police themselves.
• D. Minimize sanctions to avoid controversy.

Answer: (A)

A holistic approach to preventing deviance in sport combines rules, sanctions, education, monitoring, and a culture of fair play. This means creating multiple, interlocking layers that address behavior from several angles: clear expectations and consequences (rules and sanctions) deter misconduct; ongoing education builds understanding and values that support integrity; regular monitoring helps detect issues early; and a shared culture of fair play reinforces what is acceptable, making ethical behavior the norm rather than the exception. When all these pieces work together, athletes face consistent norms, clear accountability, and support to do the right thing, which is more effective than relying on any single strategy.

The other options fall short because they focus on only one aspect or remove important safeguards: marketing and revenue neglect behavioral integrity; relying solely on players to police themselves assumes unrealistic self-regulation and weak accountability; and minimizing sanctions reduces deterrence and signals that misconduct may be tolerated.