What ethical considerations arise around performance-enhancing technologies in sport?

• A. There are no ethical concerns; technology always improves fairness.
• B. Questions of fairness, health risks, and access, and whether certain tech constitutes 'deviant' enhancement.
• C. Only athletes can choose to use tech, so ethics do not apply.
• D. Tech is entirely banned in all sports.

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is that the ethics of performance-enhancing technologies in sport revolve around fairness, safety, and equality of opportunity. When technology can boost performance, it raises questions about whether every competitor has an equal chance to use it, or if only athletes with more resources can access it. That taps into fairness and justice in sport. Health risks are also central: some enhancements might improve performance but pose real harm to athletes, so regulators must weigh potential benefits against safety. Access matters too—if a tech gives a big edge but isn’t available to all competitors, it can undermine the integrity of competition. Finally, there’s the question of whether certain enhancements push "deviant" boundaries—where the change in performance crosses norms or rules established by sports governing bodies. That framing helps explain why some enhancements are embraced, some are regulated, and some are prohibited.

Why the other ideas don’t fit: questions of ethics don’t disappear because technology exists; there are indeed health concerns and unequal access that can distort fairness. And sports aren’t uniformly banning all tech—many innovations are allowed under rules, while others are restricted or banned, showing the need to balance innovation with fairness and safety.