How does the use of substances other than doping relate to sport deviance?

• A. Using legal supplements only.
• B. Engaging in no substance use.
• C. Alcohol or other illegal/unsafe substances can breach codes or impair performance and safety.
• D. Substance use is irrelevant to sport deviance.

Answer: (C)

Substance use beyond doping is tied to sport deviance because it involves actions that violate the rules or norms that govern sport. Alcohol or illegal/unsafe substances can breach codes of conduct and anti-doping policies, and they can also impair an athlete’s performance and, more importantly, safety for the athlete and those around them. That combination—breaking the rules and undermining safety—is what makes this behavior deviant in a sporting context.

Legal supplements by themselves don’t necessarily violate rules, and choosing not to use any substances is a conforming, non-deviant behavior. Saying substance use is irrelevant ignores clear policy and safety concerns, which is why that option doesn’t fit.