Distinguish between punitive and restorative sanctions in sport deviance management.

• A. Restorative sanctions punish offenders.
• B. They are the same.
• C. Punitive sanctions punish offenders (bans, fines); restorative sanctions aim to repair harm and reintegrate individuals.
• D. Restorative sanctions punish communities.

Answer: (C)

Punitive and restorative sanctions reflect two different aims in how sport handles rule-breaking: punishment and deterrence versus repair and reintegration. Punitive sanctions focus on penalizing the offender—things like bans, suspensions, or fines—to punish the misbehavior and deter similar acts in the future. Restorative sanctions, on the other hand, aim to repair the harm caused by the offense and help the offender rejoin the sport community, often through steps like making amends, restitution to those harmed, mediation, apologies, or community service. This distinction is why the statement that punitive sanctions punish offenders while restorative sanctions seek to repair harm and reintegrate individuals best captures their purposes. The idea that restorative sanctions punish offenders is incorrect, as is the notion that the two are the same, or that restorative sanctions punish communities.