Define doping and give two broad categories of substances used.

• A. Doping refers to dietary supplements that are allowed to be used.
• B. Doping is illegal in most contexts.
• C. Doping is the use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance performance; categories include anabolic agents and stimulants.
• D. Doping refers to training methods that do not affect performance.

Answer: (D)

Doping means using substances or methods that are prohibited in sport in order to improve performance. It’s about what a performer ingests or does to gain an advantage, not about training approaches or legal supplements. Two broad categories of substances commonly used are anabolic agents, such as anabolic steroids that promote muscle growth and recovery, and stimulants, which heighten alertness and energy. Other categories exist (like peptide hormones or diuretics), but focusing on anabolic agents and stimulants captures the main ways athletes attempt to boost performance under the rules.