According to functionalist theory, deviance in sport is a normal part of society that helps clarify norms and reinforce values.

• A. A pathological deviation with no social function.
• B. A normal part of society that helps clarify norms and reinforce values.
• C. Something that only harms individuals.
• D. A random occurrence with no social purpose.

Answer: (B)

From a functionalist perspective, deviance in sport is a normal, even necessary, part of how a social system operates. When rules are tested or breached, the reactions—penalties, debates, and social judgment—help define what counts as fair play and acceptable behavior. This boundary maintenance reinforces shared values such as integrity, teamwork, and respect, and it strengthens social cohesion by giving the community a clear sense of expectations. Deviance also serves as a safety valve, allowing for controlled challenge or experimentation that can ultimately reinforce the group’s norms. So viewing deviance as a regular, functional part of sport that clarifies norms and reinforces values is consistent with functionalist thinking.